护理接近失误原因分析及预防研究进展

综述护理接近失误的识别与上报现状,并引用瑞士奶酪模型对接近失误的原因分析及干预进行归纳总结,主要包括组织影响、不安全监督、不安全行为先兆、不安全的行为,以期为减少接近失误、改善患者安全提供参考.     

First-in-Class Selective HDAC6 Inhibitor (ACY-1215) Has a Highly Favorable Safety Profile in Patients with Relapsed and Refractory Lymphoma

Lessons Learned

• Oral selective HDAC6 inhibitors could allow for decreased toxicity compared to pan‐class inhibitors, and increased ease of use.
• ACY‐1215 is well tolerated and led to disease stabilization in 50% of patients treated on a twice‐daily dosing schedule.
• Rational drug combinations with ACY‐1215 improve efficacy in patients with lymphoma.
• Biomarkers such as XBP‐1 level or HDAC6‐score may improve patient selection.

BackgroundACY‐1215, ricolinostat, is an oral, first‐in‐class isoform‐selective HDAC6 inhibitor. HDAC6 is a class IIb deacetylase and plays a critical role in protein homeostasis via the unfolded protein response (UPR). Lymphocytes generate a large repertoire of antibodies and depend on an activated UPR to maintain proteostasis. Lymphomas utilize this biology to evade programmed cell death. In preclinical models of lymphoma, ACY‐1215 disrupted proteostasis, triggering apoptosis.MethodsWe translated these findings into a multi‐institution, open‐label, dose‐escalation phase Ib/II study aimed to determine the safety and efficacy in patients with relapsed and refractory lymphoma.ResultsTwenty‐one patients with heavily pretreated lymphoma were accrued. Patients in the phase Ib portion were enrolled on one of two dose cohorts [Arm A: 160 mg daily (n = 3) or Arm B: 160 mg twice daily (n = 10)]. ACY‐1215 was well tolerated. There were no dose limiting toxicities. Most adverse events were grade 1–2, including diarrhea (57%), nausea (57%), and fatigue (43%). Grade 3–4 toxicities were rare and included anemia (9.5%) and hypercalcemia (9.5%). An additional 8 patients were enrolled on the phase II portion, at 160 mg twice daily. Sixteen patients were evaluable for response. ACY‐1215 did not result in any complete or partial responses in patients treated. Eight patients had stable disease (50%) lasting a median duration of 4.5 months, all of whom were treated twice daily. Disease progressed in eight patients (50%) at cycle 2. Five patients were not evaluable due to disease progression prior to cycle 2. The median PFS was 56 days.ConclusionACY‐1215 is an oral selective HDAC6 inhibitor that was safe in patients with relapsed and refractory lymphoid malignancies and led to disease stabilization in half of the evaluable patients.     

Correction to: Serum microRNA is a biomarker for post-operative monitoring in glioma

Journal of Neuro-Oncology - We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical outcomes for patients with acromegaly treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Primary outcomes were...     

Epigenetic priming with decitabine followed by low dose idarubicin and cytarabine in acute myeloid leukemia evolving from myelodysplastic syndromes and higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes: a prospective multicenter single-arm trial

Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) evolving from myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or higher-risk MDS have limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Our previous single-center study of decitabine followed by low dose idarubicin and cytarabine (D-IA) in patients with myeloid neoplasms showed promising primary results. We therefore conducted a multicenter study of D-IA regimen in AML evolving from MDS and higher-risk MDS. Patients with AML evolving from MDS or refractory anemia with excess blasts type 2 (RAEB-2) (based on the 2008 WHO classification) were included. The D-IA regimen (decitabine, 20 mg/m² daily, days 1 to 3; idarubicin, 6 mg/m² daily, days 4 to 6; cytarabine 25 mg/m² every 12 hours, days 4 to 8; granulocyte colony stimulating factor [G-CSF], 5 μg/kg, from day 4 until neutrophil count increased to 1.0 × 10⁹/L) was administered as induction chemotherapy. Seventy-one patients were enrolled and treated, among whom 44 (62.0%) had AML evolving from MDS and 27 (38.0%) had RAEB-2. Twenty-eight (63.6%) AML patients achieved complete remission (CR) or complete remission with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi): 14 (31.8%) patients had CR and 14 (31.8%) had CRi. Six (22.2%) MDS patients had CR and 15 (55.6%) had marrow complete remission. The median overall survival (OS) was 22.4 months for the entire group, with a median OS of 24.2 months for AML and 20.0 months for MDS subgroup. No early death occurred. In conclusion, the D-IA regimen was effective and well tolerated, representing an alternative option for patients with AML evolving from MDS or MDS subtype RAEB-2.     

“莪黄灌肠液”对人大肠癌SW480细胞HIF-1α通路uPA、uPAR基因表达的影响

目的:通过莪黄灌肠液对SW480细胞HIF-1α通路uPA、uPAR基因表达的影响，探讨莪黄灌肠液对SW480细胞侵袭与迁移的影响。方法:根据随机数学分组的原则，将50只健康SD雄性大鼠分成随机5组并逐个编号，体重控制在（200±20）g。通过预实验得出的药物分组量分别灌胃给药:莪黄灌肠液（莪黄汤）每毫升药液中含生药2 g，莪黄灌肠液（莪黄汤）组由低、中、高（6.075 g/kg，12.15 g/kg，24.3 g/kg）剂量组（灌胃剂量2 ml）组成，空白组为生理盐水组(灌胃剂量2 ml，pH 7.2)，阳性对照组由腹腔注射氟尿嘧啶0.025 g/(kg·d)，调整注射剂量1 ml构成。标准化灌胃1周，无菌条件下提取各组含药血清。在体外使用含药血清体培养SW480细胞，划痕实验观察莪黄灌肠液含药血清在体外对SW480细胞迁移能力的影响；Transwell实验检测肿瘤细胞侵袭能力；Western-blot实验检测各组细胞中HIF-1α、uPA、uPAR蛋白表达。结果:预实验提示莪黄灌肠液对大鼠无明显副作用。SW480细胞具有明显的迁移及侵袭能力。各组莪黄灌肠液含药血清能抑制SW480细胞的侵袭与迁移特性，其中莪黄灌肠液各组（24.3 g/kg，12.15 g/kg，6.075 g/kg）和氟尿嘧啶组较空白组均能够有效抑制肿瘤细胞的侵袭与迁移作用，且氟尿嘧啶组作用最强，中药24.3 g/kg组表现出的抑制侵袭作用较12.15 g/kg，6.075 g/kg组均强（P<0.05）。莪黄灌肠液含药血清作用于肿瘤细胞24 h后，其细胞内HIF-1α、uPA、uPAR蛋白含量均有明显的下降，HIF-1α、uPA、uPAR蛋白表现出浓度依赖性（P<0.05)。结论:“莪黄灌肠液”可能通过作用于HIF-1α通路抑制SW480细胞的侵袭与转移。     

两种标准分析老年住院患者的潜在不适当用药

目的： 采用Beers标准（2015版）、《中国老年人潜在不适当用药判断标准》（简称"中国标准"2017版）分析我院心内科老年住院患者潜在不适当用药（Potential Inappropriate Medication，PIM）的发生情况。方法： 将我院心内科2018年1月至3月，年龄≥ 65岁的住院患者纳入本研究。收集患者年龄、性别、ADL评分、临床诊断、住院医嘱、住院天数、药品费用、总医疗费用等基本信息，分别采用上述两种标准审查老年住院患者的潜在不适当用药发生情况，并应用二元Logistic回归分析PIM发生的相关危险因素。结果： 共纳入患者661例，包括男性350例、女性311例，平均年龄73.86±6.55岁，平均用药种类10.17±4.01种，住院天数的区间为3~30天，临床诊断的区间为1~17种。依据Beers标准，387例（58.55%）患者至少发现1项PIM；依据中国标准，542例（82.00%）患者至少发现1项PIM，Logistic结果显示，用药种类是PIM发生的危险因素。结论： 联合使用Beers标准与中国标准可审查出更多老年患者应谨慎使用或避免使用的潜在不适当药物，在临床应用中，应结合两种标准给出的用药建议，通过减少或避免潜在不适当药物的应用来减少其可能引起的不良的临床结局。     

An evaluation of glasdegib for the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia

ABSTRACT

Introduction

Despite recent advances in the treatment of adult acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), the overall outcome remains dismal especially in high-risk AML patients, including the elderly and the relapsed/refractory populations. In this setting, various clinical trials have recently explored novel therapeutic agents either used alone or in combination with intensive chemotherapy or low-intensity treatments.     

Cancer stem‐like cells with hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype leading the collective invasion

Collective invasion of cancer cells is the key process of circulating tumor cell (CTC) cluster formation, and greatly contributes to metastasis. Cancer stem‐like cells (CSC) have a distinct advantage of motility for metastatic dissemination. To verify the role of CSC in the collective invasion, we performed 3D assays to investigate the collective invasion from cancer cell spheroids. The results demonstrated that CSC can significantly promote both collective and single‐cell invasion. Further study showed that CSC prefer to move outside and lead the collective invasion. More interestingly, approximately 60% of the leader CSC in collective invasion co–expressed both epithelial and mesenchymal genes, while only 4% co–expressed in single invasive CSC, indicating that CSC with hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype play a key role in cancer cell collective invasion.     

自然杀伤细胞治疗肝癌的前瞻性研究

目的:评价自然杀伤细胞（natural killer cell，NK cell）治疗肝癌的短期临床有效性、安全性以及对肝癌患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法:研究对象为暨南大学附属复大肿瘤医院2016年2月至2017年9月收治的17例肝癌患者，采集患者本身或其亲属的外周血，体外培养诱导产生高活性NK（HANK）细胞，在第14、15和16天进行静脉输注，连续3次输注为1个疗程，每个患者接受至少1个疗程的治疗。分别于每疗程治疗前及疗程治疗结束后3周取患者外周血检测淋巴细胞亚群，比较治疗前后淋巴细胞亚群的变化及其与短期临床疗效的关系。结果:经HANK细胞治疗后，17例肝癌患者PR 2例，SD 8例，PD 4例，失联3例；缓解率为14.3%，疾病控制率为71.4%；HANK细胞治疗前后淋巴细胞亚群无明显变化。治疗过程中17例患者并未发生不良反应。结论:异体NK细胞免疫治疗可缓解病情且安全无副作用，在肝癌治疗中有潜在的应用价值。